Line:

Straight lines can create a sense of stability and order in a composition, while curved lines can create a sense of movement and energy.

Examples: 

The straight lines in Piet Mondrian's "Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow" create a sense of structure and balance, while the curved lines in Vincent van Gogh's "Starry Night" create a sense of movement and fluidity.

Piet Mondrian's "Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow

Shape:

Geometric shapes such as squares, circles, and triangles can create a sense of order and precision, while organic shapes such as leaves or clouds can create a sense of nature and spontaneity.

Examples:

The geometric shapes in Kazimir Malevich's "Black Square" create a sense of simplicity and abstraction, while the organic shapes in Henri Matisse's "The Dance" create a sense of fluidity and motion.

Kazimir Malevich's "Black Square"

Henri Matisse's "The Dance"

Form:

Forms can be used to create depth and volume in a composition, and can suggest a sense of solidity or weight.

Examples: 

The three-dimensional forms in Michelangelo's "David" create a sense of weight and solidity, while the forms in Claes Oldenburg's "Soft Toilet" create a sense of playfulness and whimsy.

Michelangelo's "David"

Claes Oldenburg's "Soft Toilet

Space:

Positive space refers to the area occupied by objects in a composition, while negative space refers to the area around and between objects. The use of space can create a sense of depth, perspective, and atmosphere in a composition.

Examples: 

The use of negative space in René Magritte's "The Treachery of Images" creates a sense of mystery and illusion, while the use of space in Edward Hopper's "Nighthawks" creates a sense of isolation and loneliness.

René Magritte's "The Treachery of Images

Edward Hopper's "Nighthawks"

Texture:

Texture can be used to create contrast, depth, and visual interest in a composition. It can be created through the use of different materials, such as paint, clay, or fabric.

Examples: 

The texture in Vincent van Gogh's "The Potato Eaters" creates a sense of roughness and poverty, while the texture in Gustav Klimt's "The Kiss" creates a sense of richness and luxury.

Vincent van Gogh's "The Potato Eaters"

Gustav Klimt's "The Kiss"

Value:

Value refers to the lightness or darkness of an object, and can be used to create contrast, depth, and mood in a composition.

Examples:

The use of high contrast in Rembrandt's "The Night Watch" creates a sense of drama and tension, while the use of low contrast in Johannes Vermeer's "Girl with a Pearl Earring" creates a sense of serenity and beauty.

Rembrandt's "The Night Watch"

Johannes Vermeer's "Girl with a Pearl Earring

Color:

Color is one of the most important elements of art, and can be used to express emotion, create mood, and draw attention to certain areas of a composition.

Examples: 

The use of warm colors in Vincent van Gogh's "Sunflowers" creates a sense of joy and energy, while the use of cool colors in Pablo Picasso's "Blue Nude" creates a sense of sadness and melancholy.

Vincent van Gogh's "Sunflowers"

Pablo Picasso's "Blue Nude"

Mass:

Mass refers to the physical bulk of an object, and can be used to create weight, volume, and solidity in a composition.

Examples: 

The sense of mass in Auguste Rodin's "The Thinker" creates a sense of intellectual power and intensity, while the mass in Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" creates a sense of playfulness and humor.

Auguste Rodin's "The Thinker"  Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog"

Time and Motion:

Time and motion can be used to create a sense of action, rhythm, and energy in a composition.

Examples: 

The use of motion in Marcel Duchamp's "Nude Descending a Staircase" uses motion to create a sense of movement and change, while Georges Seurat's "A Sunday on La Grande Jatte" uses time to create a sense of leisure and relaxation.

Marcel Duchamp's "Nude Descending a Staircase"

Georges Seurat's "A Sunday on La Grande Jatte"

Volume:

Volume refers to the amount of space that an object occupies and can create a sense of depth, weight, and presence. 

Example:

Pablo Picasso's "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" uses volume to create a sense of power and intensity.

Pablo Picasso's "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"